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• Editorial Policies

  A manuscript would not be accepted if it has been published or is currently under consideration for publication in any other journals. The author will need to notify the editorial team if the data in their submission has been presented in conferences.

• Authorship

  Authorship should be limited to people who have contributed substantially to the work. Authors must indicate their specific contributions to the published work. This information should be listed in the manuscript under the section ‘Author Contribution’. Examples of contributions include: designed research, performed research, contributed new reagents or analytic tools, analyzed data, wrote the paper.

  For more information on submission’s format, please refer to the ‘Author Guidelines’ link accessible from the ‘About’ button at the top row of this page.

  The corresponding author should be clearly indicated for all manuscripts submitted. A maximum of two corresponding authors are allowed for the responsibilities associated. The corresponding author(s) is responsible for:

  • Obtaining permission from all the authors mentioned in the manuscript
  • Ensuring adherence to all editorial and submission policies and for any communications and actions that may be necessary after publication
  • Including written permission from the authors of the work concerned for any mention of any unpublished material included in the manuscript, e.g. data from manuscripts-in-press, personal communication, or work in preparation.

• Conflict of Interest

  The author has to provide the authorization of no conflict with any financial body or funding agency that might influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All authors, members, reviewers and editors must disclose any association that poses a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript. The corresponding author will be asked to sign a form behalf of all of the authors regarding potential conflicts of interest at the time of acceptance.

• Plagiarism

  The editorial team does not approve of any plagiarism attempts. iThenticate will be utilized at the editor’s discretion to verify the originality of submitted manuscripts. If plagiarism is detected during the review process the manuscript may be rejected pending the severity of plagiarism. Therefore, if a manuscript uses a text copied directly from another source, this text must be written in quotation marks and the original source must be cited.

• Language

  All articles must be written in English — preferably American English. SI units should be used. If you are not a native English speaker, you may want to utilize an external or Whioce Publishing’s optional professional language editing service before submitting the final version.

• Language Editing Services

  Whioce Publishing Pte Ltd offers its own professional editing services. By using this service, you can be sure that your English-language manuscript will be polished and ready for submission to your publication of choice at a very reasonable price. For further details about the Language Editing Services, please contact us at editorial@whioce.com. Please note that utilizing a language editing service is not a guarantee of acceptance.

• Submission of Revised Manuscripts

  Revised manuscripts must contain a detailed point by point response to the comments of the reviewers. The response to reviewers has to be uploaded as a separate file.

• Withdrawal of Manuscript

  If you withdraw your manuscript after it has been accepted (but not yet published), you will be charged for costs incurred at USD200.

• Supporting Information

  Authors are expected to have minimum amount of post-acquisition processing of data. In case of processing; alterations must be applied to the entire image (e.g., brightness, contrast, color balance). Any kind of alteration if being done has to be clearly stated in the figure legend and in Methods section.

  Grouping of data (e.g., cropping of images of removal of lanes from gels and bolts) must be made apparent and should be explicitly indicated in the appropriate figure legends. Data comparisons should only be made from comparative experiments, and individual data should not be utilized across multiple figures. If inappropriate image/data manipulation is identified after publication, we reserve the right to ask for the original data and, if that is not satisfactory, to issue a correction or retract the paper, as appropriate.

• Digital Preservation Policy

  Whioce Publishing will preserve e-journals with Portico, ensuring that they will be secure and available into the future.

• Author Guidelines

  Author Guidelines

  Before submitting for publication, please check that your manuscript has been prepared in accordance to the step-by-step instructions for submitting a manuscript to our online submission system.

  Manuscript Format

  Your manuscript should be in MS Word or LaTeX format. You are advised to download the template when preparing your submissions to this journal. All manuscripts must be written in clear, comprehensible English. Both British and American English are accepted. Usage of non-English words should be kept to a minimum and all must be italicized, with the exception of “e.g.” and “i.e.” If you have concerns about the level of English in your submission, please ensure that it is proofread before submission by a native English speaker or a scientific editing service.

  Types of submission accepted:

  International Journal of Bioprinting accepts original articles, reviews, letters, editorials, commentaries, perspectives and position papers. Please read this section further for the definition of each type and select the appropriate option in the submission system. Submissions exceeding the suggested requirements, such as total manuscript length, will still be processed for consideration and peer review. However, article processing charges will differ in exceptional cases (e.g. a raw text file exceeding 2MB, etc.) The article processing charge will then be determined on a case-by-case basis.

  Original articles: Scientific articles on original basic and applied research and/or analysis. This manuscript type typically has 5 tables and figures in total, and has approximately 40 references and 7,000 words (inclusive of reference list and abstract).

  Review articles: A summary highlighting recent developments and current/future trends of the field. This manuscript type typically has 5 tables and figures in total, with approximately 70 references and 7,000 words (inclusive of reference list and abstract).

  Letters to the Editor-in-Chief/authorship (please specify): Comments from reader(s) about individual articles. These letters must be constructive and contribute to the development of individual articles published or the entire journal. Letters containing new ideas, supporting data or data criticizing an article may be subjected to peer-review (determined on a case-by-case basis by the journal’s editorial team) and published in the online publication but not in the printed version. This manuscript type typically has 1,800 words (exclusive of reference list).

  Editorials: Solicited concise commentary highlighting prominent topics in the Journal’s issue. These are the official opinions of the editors of the journal or its special issue. Editorials will be published in both online and printed versions of the journal. This manuscript type typically has 3,500 words.

  Commentaries: Unsolicited commentaries or analysis from reader(s) targeting specific published articles in the journal. Commentaries will be subjected to peer-review and may be published in both online and printed versions of the journal. This manuscript type typically has 3,500 words.

  Perspectives: These are author’s personal opinion on a subject/topic. Unlike Reviews, Perspective articles may cover a more specific, narrow part of the field. However, these are still required to uphold the spirit of academia of being objective as well as aiming to initiate or furthering discussions and novel experimental procedures in the field. Therefore, it will undergo peer review and be indexed if accepted. Accepted articles may be solicited or unsolicited. This manuscript type typically has 5 tables and figures in total, along with approximately 70 references and 7,000 words (inclusive of reference list and abstract).

  Reports: Documents that summarize the execution and results of a clinical case involving bioprinted construct or a collaborative research programme that is directly related to the advancement of bioprinting. Submissions will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and are usually solicited by the editors.

  Position papers: Submissions that reflect the official opinion of an organization (e.g. government bodies, funding agencies, etc.) This manuscript type typically has 3,500 words.

  Cover letter

  All submissions should include a cover letter as a separate file. A cover letter should contain a brief explanation of what was previously known, the conceptual advancement with the findings and its significance to broad readership. The cover letter is confidential and will be read only by the editors. It will not be seen by reviewers.

  Title

  The title should capture the conceptual significance for a broad audience. The title should not be more than 50 words and should be able to give readers an overall view of the paper’s significance. Titles should avoid using uncommon jargons, abbreviations and punctuation.

  List of Authors

  The names of authors must be spelled out rather than set in initials along with their affiliations. Authors should be listed according to the extent of their contribution, with the major contributor listed first. All corresponding authors should be identified with an asterisk. Affiliations should contain the following core information: department, institution, city, state, postal code, and country. For contact, email address of at least one corresponding author must be included. Please note that all authors must view and approve the final version of the manuscript before submitting.

  Abstract

  Articles must include an abstract containing a maximum of 200 words. The purpose of abstract is to provide sufficient information for a reader to determine whether or not to proceed to the full text of the article. After the abstract, please give 5 keywords; please avoid using the same words as those already used in the title.

  Section Headings

  Please number the section headings (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) in boldface. Likewise, use boldface to identify subheadings too but please distinguish it from major headings using numbers (e.g. 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, etc.) Further subsections of subheadings should be differentiated by boldface and italics font with the numbers (1), (2), (3), etc.

  Introduction

  The introduction should provide a background that gives a broad readership an overall outlook of the field and the research performed. It tackles a problem and states its important regarding with the significance of the study. Introduction can conclude with a brief statement of the aim of the work and a comment about whether that aim was achieved.

  Materials and Methods

  This section provides the general experimental design and methodologies used. The aim is to provide enough detail to for other investigators to fully replicate the results. It is also required to facilitate better understanding of the results obtained. Protocols and procedures for new methods must be included in detail for the reproducibility of the experiments. Informed consent should be obtained from patients or parents before the experiments start and should be mentioned in this section.

  Ethics

  Ethics information include IACUC permit numbers and/or IRB name, if applicable. This information should be included in a subheading labelled "Ethics Statement" in the "Methods" section of the manuscript file, in as much detail as possible.

  Results

  This section can be divided into subheadings and focuses on the results of the experiments performed.

  Discussion

  This section should provide the significance of the results and identify the impact of the research in a broader context. It should not be redundant or similar to the content of the results section.

  Conclusion

  Please use the conclusion section for interpretation only, and not to summarize information already presented in the text or abstract.

  Conflict of Interest

  All authors are required to declare all activities that have the potential to be deemed as a source of competing interest in relations to their submitted manuscript. Examples of such activities could include personal or work-related relationships, events, etc. Authors who have nothing to declare are encouraged to add "No conflict of interest was reported by all authors" in this section.

  Funding

  Authors should declare all financial and non-financial support that have the potential to be deemed as a source of competing interest in relations to their submitted manuscript in this section. Financial supports are generally in the form of grants, royalties, consulting fees and others. Examples of non-financial support could include the following: externally-supplied equipment/biological sources, writing assistance, administrative support, contributions from non-authors, etc.

  Appendix

  This section is optional and is for all materials (e.g. advanced technical details) that has been excluded from the main text but remain essential to the readers in understanding the manuscripts. This section is not for supplementary figures. Authors are advised to refer to the section on Supplementary Figures for such submissions.

  Text

  The text of the manuscript should be in Microsoft Word or Latex. The length of the manuscript cannot be more than 50,000 characters (inclusive of spaces), or approximately 7,000 words.

  Nomenclature for genes and proteins

  This journal aims to reach researchers all over the globe. Hence, for reviewers’ and readers’ ease in comprehension, authors are highly encouraged to use the appropriate gene and protein nomenclature. Authors may prefer to utilize resources such as http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene.

  Figures

  Authors should include all figures into the manuscript and submit it as one file. Figures include photographs, scanned images, graphs, charts and schematic diagrams. Figures submitted should avoid unnecessary decorative effects (e.g. 3D graphs), as well as should be minimally processed (e.g. changes in brightness and contrast applied uniformly for the entire figure). It should also be set against a white background. Please remember to label all figures (e.g. axis, etc.) and add captions below the figure, as required. These captions should be numbered (e.g. Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.) in boldface. All figures must have a brief title (also known as caption) that describes the entire figure without citing specific panels, followed by a legend, defined as description of each panel. Please identify each panel with uppercase letters in parenthesis (e.g. (A), (B), (C), etc.)

  The preferred file formats for any separately submitted figure(s) are TIFF or JPEG. All figures should be legible in print form and of optimal resolution. Optimal resolutions preferred are 300 dots per inch (dpi) for RBG coloured, 600 dpi for greyscale and 1,200 dpi for line art. Although there are no file-size limitation imposed, authors are highly encouraged to compress their figures to an ideal size without unduly affecting the legibility and resolution of figures. This will also speed up the process of uploading in the submission system, if necessary.

  The Editor-in-Chief and Publisher reserve the right to request from author(s) the high-resolution files and unprocessed data and metadata files, should the need arise at any point after manuscript submission for reasons such as production, evaluation or other purposes. The file name should allow for ease in identifying the associated manuscript submitted.

  Tables, lists and equations

  Tables created using Microsoft Word table function are preferred. The tables should include a title at the top. Titles and footnotes/legends should be concise. These must be submitted in the manuscript. Likewise, lists and equations should be properly aligned and its meaning clear to readers. For listing items within the main body of the manuscript, please use Roman numbers in parenthesis (e.g. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), etc.).

  Supplementary information

  This section is optional and contains all materials and figures that have been excluded from the entire manuscript. These information are relevant to the manuscript but remain non-essential to readers’ understanding of the manuscript’s main content. All supplementary information should be submitted as a separate file in Step 4 during submission. Please ensure the names of such files contain ‘suppl. info’. Videos may be included in this section.

  In-text citations

  Reference citations in the text should be numbered consecutively in superscript square brackets. Some examples:

  1. Negotiation research spans many disciplines^[3,4].
  2. This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman^[5].
  3. This effect has been widely studied^[1–3,7].

  Personal communications and unpublished works can only be used in the main text of the submission and are not to be placed in the Reference section. Authors are advised to limit such usage to the minimum. These should also be easily identifiable by stating the authors and year of such unpublished works or personal communications, and the word ‘Unpublished’ in parenthesis.

  E.g. (Smith J, 2000, Unpublished)

  References

  This section is compulsory and should be placed at the end of all manuscripts. Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list. The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should be excluded from this section. 

  For the reference list, all authors must be stated. Authors being referenced are listed with their surname followed by their initials. All references should be numbered (e.g. 1, 2, 3, etc.) and sequenced according to the order they appear as the in-text citations. References should follow the following pattern: Author(s), followed by year of publication, title of publication, full journal name in italics, volume number, issue number in parenthesis and lastly, page range. If the referred article has more than three authors, list only the first three authors and abbreviate the remaining authors as the italicized ‘et al.’ (meaning "and others"). If the DOI is available, please include it after the page range. Examples of references for different types of publications are as follows;

  Journal

  Journal article (print) with one to three authors:

  Younger P, 2004, Using the internet to conduct a literature search. Nurs Stand, 19(6): 45–51.

  Journal article (print) with more than three authors:

  Gamelin F X, Baquet G, Berthoin S, et al., 2009, Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol, 105(1): 731–738.

  Journal article (online) with one to three authors:

  Jackson D, Firtko A and Edenborough M, 2007, Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: A literature review. J Adv Nurs, 60(1): 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04412.x

  Journal article (online) with more than three authors:

  Hargreave M, Jensen A, Nielsen T S S, et al., 2015, Maternal use of fertility drugs and risk of cancer in children — A nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark. Int J Cancer, 136(8): 1931–1939. http://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29235

  Book

  Book with one to three authors:

  Schneider Z, Whitehead D and Elliott D, 2007, Nursing and Midwifery Research: Methods and Appraisal for Evidence-based Practice, 3rd edn, Elsevier Australia, Marrickville, NSW, 112–130.

  Book with more than three authors

  Davis M, Charles L, Curry M J, et al., 2003, Challenging Spatial Norms, Routledge, London, 12–30.

  Chapter or article in book

  Knowles M S, (eds) 1986, Independent study, in Using Learning Contracts, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 89–96.

  Others

  Proceedings of meetings and symposiums, conference papers:

  Chang S S, Liaw L and Ruppenhofer J, (eds) 2000, Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 12–15, 1999: General session and parasession on loan word phenomena. Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley, 12–13.

  Conference proceedings (from electronic database):

  Wang T, Cook C and Derby B, 2009, Fabrication of a glucose biosensor by piezoelectric inkjet printing. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2009 (SENSORCOM-
  M’09), 82–85.

  Online document with author names:

  Este J, Warren C, Connor L, et al., 2008, Life in the clickstream: The future of journalism, Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, viewed May 27, 2009, http://www.alliance.org.au/documents/ foj_report_final.pdf

  Online document without author name:

  Developing an argument, n.d., viewed March 30, 2009, http://web.princeton.edu/sites/writing/Writing_Center/WCWritingResources.htm

  Thesis/Dissertation:

  Gale L, 2000, The relationship between leadership and employee empowerment for successful total quality management, thesis, Australasian Digital Thesis database, University of Western Sydney, 110–130.

  Standards:

  Standards Australia Online, 2006, Glass in buildings: selection and installation, AS 1288-2006, amended January 31, 2008, SAI Global database, viewed May 19, 2009.

  Government report:

  National Commission of Audit, 1996, Report to the Commonwealth Government, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

  Government report (online):

  Department of Health and Ageing, 2008, Ageing and aged care in Australia, viewed November 10, 2008, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ageing

  No author:

  Guide to agricultural meteorological practices, 1981, 2nd edn, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 10–20.

  Note: When referencing an entry from a dictionary or an encyclopedia with no author there is no requirement to include the source in the reference list. In these cases, only cite the title and year of the source in-text. For an authored dictionary/encyclopedia, treat the source as an authored book.

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Article Processing Charges (APC)

Journal of Medicines Development Sciences is an Open Access Journal under Whioce Publishing. All articles published in Journal of Medicines Development Sciences are accessible electronically from the journal website without commencing any kind of payment. In order to ensure contents are freely available and maintain publishing quality, Article Process Charges (APC) is applicable to all authors who wish to submit their articles to the journal to cover the cost incurred in processing the manuscripts. Such cost will cover the peer-review, copyediting, typesetting, publishing, content depositing and archiving processes. Those charges are applicable only to authors who have their manuscript successfully accepted after peer-review.

We encourage authors to publish their papers with us and don’t wish the cost of article processing fees to be a barrier especially to authors from the low and lower middle income countries/regions. A range of discounts or waivers are offered to authors who are unable to pay our publication processing fees. Authors can write in to apply for a waiver and requests will be considered on a case-by-case basis.

Authors based in these countries/regions listed below may apply to receive up to a 50%-100% waiver of the standard article processing fee; Waiver subjected to approval.

If you are residing in one of the above mentioned countries and need to apply for a waiver, please email our editorial department (editorial@whioce.com) with the following information:

• Your name and institution with full address details
• Title of journal you wish to submit a manuscript to
• Reason for applying for a waiver
• Title of your paper
• Country of residence of all co-author

APC Payment

Payments for APC of this journal can be made through our online PayPal payment gateway. Enter the article no. into the below textbox and select "Pay Now" to proceed with payment.

Article No.

*Article No. is mandatory for payment and it can be found on the acceptance letter issued by the Editorial Office. Payment without indicating Article No. will result in processing problem and delay in article processing. Please note that payments will be processed in USD. You can make payment through Masters, Visa or UnionPay card.

Frequently Asked Questions

• 1. How do I find out if my manuscript is within the scope of this journal?

  Answer: To establish whether your paper is suitable for this journal, please read Focus and Scope under Editorial Policies.

• 2. How do I submit my manuscript to this journal?

  Answer: Registration and login are required to submit manuscript online and to check the status of current submission.

• 3. What type of file format can be submitted?

  Answer: The submission file can be submitted in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.

• 4. Is there a word limit for submission to this journal?

  Answer: The length of the manuscript cannot be more than 8000 words.

• 5. Do I need to enclose my submission with a cover letter?

  Answer: The cover letter is necessary for each submission. The cover letter should be uploaded as a separate file in Step 4 during the submission. The contents of the cover letter should include brief explanation of what was previously known, the conceptual advancement with the findings and its significance to broad readership. The cover letter will only be visible to the editor. Reviewers will not have access to the cover letter.

• 6. Is it essential to suggest reviewers for my manuscript?

  Answer: You can suggest 2 reviewers for your submission. However, the decision of whether to invite them lies with the Editor.

• 7. Is there any publication fee charged for papers published in this journal?

  Answer: This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Refer to the Publication Fees tab for more details.